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Internal Anatomy of the Kidney

Internal Anatomy of the Kidney

The kidneys are essential organs in the human body, performing a myriad of tasks that maintain homeostasis and overall health.
Anatomical Position and Dimensions
The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs positioned against the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the spine, roughly between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. Each kidney is typically 10-12 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, and 3-4 cm thick, weighing about 150 grams.
Renal Cortex
The outermost region of the kidney is the...

External Anatomy of the Kidney

External Anatomy of the Kidney

The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 24, 2025

Application of Laser Microdissection to Uncover Regional Transcriptomics in Human Kidney Tissue

Application of Laser Microdissection to Uncover Regional Transcriptomics in Human Kidney Tissue

Published on: June 9, 2020

Spatial Transcriptomics in Kidney Tissue.

Arti M Raghubar^1,2,3,4,5, Joanna Crawford⁵, Kahli Jones^5,6

¹Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|July 9, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Spatial transcriptome sequencing (ST-seq) maps gene expression within intact tissues by combining histology and RNA sequencing. This study details protocols for applying ST-seq to fresh frozen kidney tissue, preserving spatial context.

Keywords:

Kidney Spatial transcriptomics Visium Spatial Gene Expression Visium Spatial Tissue Optimization

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genomics
Histology

Background:

Spatial transcriptome sequencing (ST-seq) offers a unique approach to analyze gene expression within the spatial architecture of tissues.
Traditional methods like bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing lack spatial resolution.
Integrating histology with RNA sequencing provides morphological context to gene expression data.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a detailed protocol for applying ST-seq to fresh frozen kidney tissue.
To demonstrate the utility of ST-seq in characterizing kidney tissue architecture and gene expression.
To optimize Visium Spatial Tissue Optimization (TO) and Visium Spatial Gene Expression (GEx) protocols for kidney samples.

Main Methods:

ST-seq involves capturing transcriptomes from tissue sections placed on specialized slides with oligo-dT spots (ST-spots).
Each captured transcriptome receives a spatial barcode corresponding to its location on the tissue.
Sequenced data is aligned with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images for spatial context.

Main Results:

Successful characterization of mouse and human kidney tissue using ST-seq.
Detailed description of the Visium Spatial TO and GEx protocols applied to fresh frozen kidney tissue.
Demonstration of integrating gene expression data with tissue morphology.

Conclusions:

ST-seq is a powerful method for understanding tissue organization and gene expression patterns.
The described protocols enable detailed spatial analysis of kidney tissue.
This approach enhances the understanding of tissue-specific gene expression in its native environment.