Leukocyte-Specific Morrbid Promotes Leukocyte Differentiation and Atherogenesis

Monocyte-to-M0/M1 macrophage differentiation with unclear molecular mechanisms is a pivotal cellular event in many cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of protein expression regulators; however, the roles of monocyte-lncRNAs in macrophage differentiation and its related vascular diseases are still unclear. The study aims to investigate whether the novel leukocyte-specific lncRNA Morrbid could regulate macrophage differentiation and atherogenesis. We identified that Morrbid was increased in monocytes and arterial walls from atherosclerotic mouse and from patients with atherosclerosis. In cultured monocytes, Morrbid expression was markedly increased during monocyte to M0 macrophage differentiation with an additional increase during M0 macrophage-to-M1 macrophage differentiation. The differentiation stimuli-induced monocyte-macrophage differentiation and the macrophage activity were inhibited by Morrbid knockdown. Moreover, overexpression of Morrbid alone was sufficient to elicit the monocyte-macrophage differentiation. The role of Morrbid in monocyte-macrophage differentiation was also identified in vivo in atherosclerotic mice and was verified in Morrbid knockout mice. We identified that PI3-kinase/Akt was involved in the up-regulation of Morrbid expression, whereas s100a10 was involved in Morrbid-mediated effect on macrophage differentiation. To provide a proof of concept of Morrbid in pathogenesis of monocyte/macrophage-related vascular disease, we applied an acute atherosclerosis model in mice. The results revealed that overexpression of Morrbid enhanced but monocyte/macrophage-specific Morrbid knockout inhibited the monocytes/macrophages recruitment and atherosclerotic lesion formation in mice. The results suggest that Morrbid is a novel biomarker and a modulator of monocyte-macrophage phenotypes, which is involved in atherogenesis.