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Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetism
  • Public Health
  • Telecommunications Engineering

Background:

  • Increasing demand for communication services necessitates monitoring public exposure to Non-Ionizing Radiation (NIR).
  • Shopping malls, with high public traffic and numerous indoor antennas, are critical environments for NIR exposure assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure electric field strength within a shopping mall in Natal, Brazil.
  • To compare measured NIR levels against established safety standards (ICNIRP and ANATEL).
  • To evaluate the influence of people flow and proximity to Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) on NIR levels.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted electric field measurements at six strategically chosen points within a shopping mall.
  • Measurement points were selected based on high foot traffic and the presence of Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS), potentially co-located with WiFi.
  • Analyzed data considering proximity to DAS (near/far) and crowd density (low/high).

Main Results:

  • The highest recorded electric field peaks were 1.96 V/m and 3.26 V/m.
  • These peak values represent only 5% (ICNIRP) and 8% (ANATEL) of the established safety limits.
  • NIR levels remained significantly below regulatory thresholds, irrespective of measurement location or crowd density.

Conclusions:

  • Electric field levels in the studied shopping mall are well within international and national safety guidelines.
  • The findings suggest that current indoor antenna deployments in such public spaces do not pose a significant health risk regarding NIR exposure.
  • Continuous monitoring is recommended to ensure ongoing compliance with evolving communication technologies and safety standards.