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Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Quantitative Analysis of Vacuum Induction Melting by Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
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Detection of Off-Gassed Products From Molten Salts Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy.

Daniel Diaz1, David W Hahn1

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.

Applied Spectroscopy
|July 12, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) detected off-gassed sodium and calcium from molten salts. This demonstrates LIBS

Keywords:
LIBSMolten salt reactorcalciumlaser-induced breakdown spectroscopyoff-gassed productssodium

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Molten salts are crucial in advanced reactor designs, necessitating robust monitoring techniques.
  • Real-time analysis of molten salt composition is vital for operational safety and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the capability of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for detecting off-gassed elements from molten salts at high temperatures.
  • To validate LIBS for real-time monitoring in environments simulating molten salt reactors.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a custom-built crucible to facilitate off-gassing from molten sodium nitrate (NaNO3) and lithium chloride-potassium chloride eutectic (LKE).
  • Employed a specialized LIBS system to analyze off-gassed products in high-temperature environments (330–510°C).
  • Detected specific atomic emission lines for sodium and calcium to confirm their presence.

Main Results:

  • Successfully detected off-gassed sodium (Na) from molten NaNO3 at temperatures between 330–505°C via Na D emission lines.
  • Identified calcium (Ca) impurities in molten LKE mixtures at 510°C with a concentration of 78 mg/kg using Ca(II) emission lines.
  • Observed Na emission lines indicating a phase change in NaNO3 upon reaching a temperature threshold.

Conclusions:

  • LIBS is effective for detecting off-gassed sodium and calcium impurities in molten salts under high-temperature conditions.
  • The study confirms LIBS' potential for real-time monitoring in simulated molten salt reactor environments.
  • This technique offers a promising approach for in-situ analysis in demanding industrial applications.