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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own EpiSCs...
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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
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Graphene Coatings for Biomedical Implants
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Surface modifications of biomaterials in different applied fields.

Xi Hu1,2, Teng Wang1,2, Faqi Li1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing Medical University Chongqing 400016 P. R. China maox@cqmu.edu.cn.

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Surface modification of biomaterials enhances implant longevity and reduces rejection and infection. Techniques like coating and grafting improve cytocompatibility and antibacterial properties for better medical applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Medical Device Engineering

Background:

  • Biomaterial implants are crucial in medicine, but face challenges like limited lifespan, immune rejection, and infection risk.
  • Surface properties significantly influence biomaterial performance and interaction with biological systems.
  • Current biomaterials often require enhanced functionalities for advanced medical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in surface modification techniques for biomaterials.
  • To evaluate the impact of these modifications on key biomaterial properties.
  • To discuss the implications for designing next-generation functional biomaterials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on biomaterial surface modification techniques published in recent years.
  • Analysis of techniques including film/coating synthesis, covalent grafting, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), and plasma modification.
  • Evaluation of modified biomaterial properties: cytocompatibility, antibacterial activity, antifouling, and surface hydrophobicity.

Main Results:

  • Surface modification effectively alters biomaterial properties, improving performance.
  • Techniques discussed demonstrate significant enhancements in cytocompatibility and antibacterial efficacy.
  • Modifications also show promise in improving antifouling and tunable surface hydrophobic characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • Surface modification is a vital strategy for overcoming limitations of current biomaterials.
  • Tailoring biomaterial surfaces can lead to improved implant integration and reduced adverse biological responses.
  • Biomaterials with enhanced surface properties hold significant promise for future medical applications.