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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Exosomes01:36

Overview of Exosomes

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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
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Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes Derived from Mouse Spleen Tissues
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Exosomes: current knowledge and future perspectives.

Swati Singh1, Deepraj Paul1, Virendra Nath2

  • 1College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Technical Sciences, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Tissue Barriers
|July 13, 2023
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exosomes, tiny vesicles involved in cell communication, show promise for treating various diseases. This review highlights their therapeutic potential and use as biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment optimization.

Keywords:
Biomarkersexosomesmicro-vesicles

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Nanomedicine
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Exosomes are crucial for intercellular communication and have therapeutic potential for autoimmune, cardiovascular, ocular, and nervous disorders.
  • While exosome biogenesis and secretion are understood, exosome uptake mechanisms and internal signaling pathways remain less clear.
  • Exosomes play a role in maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis by regulating myelin sheaths and eliminating waste products, even crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiological and therapeutic effects of exosomes.
  • To explore the role of exosomes as biomarkers in cardiovascular, nervous, and ocular disorders.
  • To provide insights into stress-preconditioned and stem cell-derived exosomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent findings on exosome functions and applications.
  • Analysis of exosome roles in disease pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies.
  • Exploration of exosome-based diagnostics and prognostics.

Main Results:

  • Exosomes demonstrate significant therapeutic potential across a range of pathologies.
  • Exosomes serve as valuable biomarkers for disease monitoring, early diagnosis, and treatment optimization.
  • Stress-preconditioned and stem cell-derived exosomes offer novel therapeutic avenues.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomes are key mediators of intercellular communication with broad therapeutic applications.
  • Further research into exosome uptake and signaling will enhance their clinical utility.
  • Exosomes represent a promising frontier in personalized medicine for complex diseases.