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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

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The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Mechanism of Filopodia Formation01:39

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Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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Like-Charge PISA: Polymerization-Induced Like-Charge Electrostatic Self-Assembly.

Caihui Luo1, Xiyu Wang1, Yuanyuan Liu1

  • 1State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.

ACS Macro Letters
|July 13, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chiral ionic hydrogen bonds from l-aspartic acid enable precise self-assembly of salt-resistant nanomaterials. This method yields ultrafine, ultrathin lamellae with controlled chirality and structure via liquid-liquid phase separation.

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Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is crucial for creating complex nanostructures.
  • Precision control over nanomaterial assembly is essential for advanced applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of l-aspartic acid chiral ionic hydrogen bonds in polymerization-induced self-assembly.
  • To achieve precision two-dimensional electrostatic self-assembly and control nanomaterial structure.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing photo-RAFT aqueous polymerization-induced self-assembly (photo-PISA).
  • Employing l-aspartic acid chiral ionic hydrogen bonds to drive LLPS and self-assembly.
  • Investigating homopolymerization and like-charge block copolymerization.

Main Results:

  • Achieved salt-resistant, 3 nm fibril-structured, 5 nm ultrathin lamellae via LLPS.
  • Observed a left-to-right-handed chirality transition and droplets-to-lamellae transition.
  • Demonstrated intactness of ultrafine structures after seeded polymerization with oppositely charged monomers.

Conclusions:

  • Amino acid chiral ionic hydrogen bonds are effective for precision synthesis of nanomaterials.
  • This approach enables the creation of salt-resistant ultrathin membrane nanomaterials.
  • The method offers precise control over structure, chirality, and salt resistance.