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Novel 3D-Printed Biocarriers from Aluminosilicate Materials.

Eleni Anna Economou1, Savvas Koltsakidis2, Ioanna Dalla1

  • 1QLAB Private Company, Research and Development, Quality Control and Testing Services, 57008 Thessaloniki, Greece.

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|July 14, 2023
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3D-printed biocarriers using aluminosilicate zeolites and halloysite nanotubes enhance microorganism growth in bioreactors. The 13X/halloysite combination offers superior surface area and mechanical stability for improved biological processes.

Keywords:
3D printingaluminosilicate claysbiocarriersinorganic nanotubeszeolites

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Biocarriers are crucial for immobilizing and growing microorganisms in bioreactors, enhancing biological processes.
  • The surface properties of biocarriers significantly influence biofilm development and microbial colonization.
  • Aluminosilicate zeolites and inorganic binders are explored for creating advanced biocarrier scaffolds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate aluminosilicate zeolites (13X, ZSM-5) combined with inorganic binders (bentonite, montmorillonite, halloysite nanotubes) as 3D-printed biocarrier materials.
  • To characterize the mechanical, morphological, and structural properties of these novel biocarriers.
  • To evaluate the potential of these 3D-printed biocarriers for improving biological processes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 3D printing to fabricate biocarrier monoliths from zeolite and binder pastes, followed by heat treatment.
  • Conducted mechanical analyses including density, compression, and nanoindentation tests.
  • Performed morphological and structural characterization using nitrogen adsorption (LN2), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
  • Employed finite element analysis (FEA) to simulate material behavior under compression.

Main Results:

  • The 13X/halloysite nanotubes biocarrier exhibited a high specific surface area (711 m²/g) and mesoporous structure.
  • This combination also showed one of the lowest bulk densities (1.67 g/cm³) and highest modulus of elasticity.
  • Biocarriers based on 13X zeolite demonstrated superior mechanical stability and suitable morphological features for microbial colonization.

Conclusions:

  • Aluminosilicate zeolites combined with clays and nanotubes yield 3D-printed biocarriers with tunable properties for enhanced biological applications.
  • The 13X/halloysite nanotubes formulation presents the most promising characteristics for effective biocarrier performance.
  • These advanced biocarriers have the potential to significantly improve microbial immobilization and biological process efficiency in bioreactors.