Technological Development and Application of Plant Genetic Transformation

Area of Science:

• Plant biotechnology
• Agricultural science

Background:

• Genetic transformation is crucial for improving plant traits like biomass and resistance.
• Advances in genetic transformation facilitate gene function analysis, trait utilization, and precise breeding.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and compare current plant genetic transformation technologies.
• To discuss limitations and recent advancements in gene delivery and plant regeneration.

Main Methods:

• Comparison of direct (Agrobacterium-mediated) and indirect (particle bombardment, electroporation, etc.) gene delivery methods.
• Discussion of regeneration pathways: de novo organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis.
• Exploration of morphogenetic transcription factors (Bbm, Wus2, GRF-GIF) for enhanced regeneration.

Main Results:

• Various gene transfer methods have different efficiencies and limitations, including genotype dependence and tissue damage.
• Ectopic expression of specific transcription factors can significantly improve regeneration in difficult-to-transform plants.
• Optimized strategies are emerging to overcome species and genotype-specific barriers.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the principles, scope, and limitations of different plant genetic transformation techniques is vital.
• Recent advancements offer optimized approaches for more efficient and versatile transgenic breeding.
• This review provides a reference for advancing plant transgenic breeding strategies.