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Association between Gut Microbiota and Digestive System Cancers: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization

Ning Xie1,2, Ziwei Wang1,2, Qiuai Shu1

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.

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|July 14, 2023
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Summary

This study used Mendelian randomization to investigate the causal link between gut bacteria and digestive system cancers (DSCs). Certain gut microbes, like Eggerthella, were found to reduce the risk of gastric cancer.

Keywords:
Mendelian randomizationcausalitydigestive system cancersgut microbiota

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Gut microbiota composition is linked to digestive system cancer (DSC) development.
  • The causal relationship between gut microbiota and DSCs remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the causal associations between gut microbiota and DSCs using a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
  • To identify specific microbial taxa that influence DSC risk or are affected by DSCs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for gut microbiota and DSCs.
  • Performed bidirectional two-sample MR analysis to assess causality.
  • Conducted sensitivity analyses to ensure result robustness.

Main Results:

  • *Genus Eggerthella* showed a protective effect against gastric cancer (OR = 0.464).
  • The *Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group* was associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer (OR = 0.607).
  • *Genus Turicibacter* demonstrated a protective role in liver cancer (OR = 0.271).
  • Reverse MR analysis indicated that DSCs can alter the abundance of specific gut microbes.

Conclusions:

  • Established causal links between specific gut microbial taxa and DSCs.
  • Identified potential microbial biomarkers for DSCs.
  • Findings support the development of microbiota-modifying therapeutics for DSC patients.