A Millimeter-Wave 3D Imaging Algorithm for MIMO Synthetic Aperture Radar

Multiple-input-multiple-output synthetic aperture radar (MIMO-SAR) is being studied and applied in more and more scenarios. However, there is still a certain distance away from real-time imaging using advanced algorithms. The traditional backpropagation algorithm (BPA) multi-accumulation integration is unsuitable for dealing with large-size scanning data, and the wavenumber domain algorithm requires the array to satisfy Nyquist sampling law in azimuth to avoid aliasing in imaging reconstruction. Based on these issues, a novel 3D imaging method is proposed for MIMO-SAR. An appropriate transformation and inverse Fourier transform (FT) is carried out for the frequency domain; thus, accumulation in the wavenumber domain is not required, which is easy to implement. The computational complexity of the algorithm is much lower than BPA and has better generalizability than the wavenumber domain algorithm. Coherence factor (CF) is also introduced to achieve sidelobe suppression. Proof-of-principle experiments were also carried out in the 92.5 GHz band based on the MIMO-SAR prototype system. Both simulation and experimental results of different distributed targets show good performance of imaging and do not lose the quality of image reconstruction.