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Zero fruits/vegetables consumption and associated factors among Children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia: Mixed effect
Birhan Ewunu Semagn1, Abdulai Abubakari2
1Department of Public Health, Asrat Weldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
Insights
High rates of zero fruit/vegetable consumption were observed in Ethiopian children aged 6-23 months. Interventions targeting poor households, young mothers, and peripheral regions are crucial for improving early childhood nutrition.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Nutrition
- Public Health
- Child Development
Background:
- Early childhood (0-2 years) is critical for establishing lifelong health and dietary habits.
- Ethiopia faces a significant challenge with low fruit and vegetable intake among young children.
- Understanding factors contributing to zero fruit/vegetable consumption is vital for public health initiatives.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify factors associated with zero fruit/vegetable consumption in Ethiopian children aged 6-23 months.
- To inform targeted interventions for improving child nutrition in Ethiopia.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of the Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019 dataset.
- Inclusion of 1459 children aged 6-23 months and their mothers.
- Application of a multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model.
Main Results:
- 69.3% of children consumed zero fruits/vegetables.
- Factors associated with zero consumption include lower wealth index, younger maternal age, Islamic religion, and peripheral region residence.
- Health facility delivery and higher ANC visits were also significant factors.
Conclusions:
- Zero fruit/vegetable consumption is a substantial issue in Ethiopia.
- Interventions should focus on vulnerable groups: poor households, young mothers (15-24 years), and those in peripheral regions.
- Antenatal care (ANC) visits and nutrition counseling present opportunities for intervention.
Background:
The first two years of life is a vital period for promoting optimal growth, development and health. The lifelong nutritional habit and overall health of children is influenced by their early age feeding practice. Ethiopia is among the top five countries in Sub-Saharan Africa with the highest burden of zero fruits/vegetables consumption. This study aims to access factors associated with zero fruits/vegetables consumption among children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia.
Methods:
The study analyzed Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey 2019 dataset with a total weighted sample of 1459 young children aged between 6-23 months and who were living with their mothers. Data cleaning, coding and labeling were done using STATA version 14 software. Multilevel mixed effect logistic regression model was employed to identify associated factors.
Results:
Exactly 69.3% of children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia had zero fruits/vegetables consumption. In the multivariable multilevel binary logistic regression analysis a child from household with middle (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.86) and rich (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.60) wealth index, mothers who aged between 25-34 years old (AOR = 0.44; 95%CI = 0.29-0.69), mothers who were married/living with partner (AOR = 3.21; 95%CI: 1.58-6.52), children of mothers who follow Islamic religion (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.61), mothers who had more than four ANC visits during their most recent pregnancy (AOR = 0.57; 95%CI: 0.39-0.83), children in age group of 12-18 month(AOR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.59), and 19-23 months (AOR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.17, 0.40), health facility delivery (AOR = 1.52, 95% CI; 1.00-2.30), and small peripheral regions (AOR = 4.40, 95% CI; 1.39-13.97) were found to be significant factors associated with children's zero fruits /vegetables consumption. The Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) value in the null model was 0.34, which indicates that 34% of the variation in children's zero fruits /vegetables consumption was attributed to the variation between clusters.
Conclusion:
This study found that zero fruits/vegetables consumption among children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia is high. Therefore, efforts should be made by stakeholders who are concerned about optimal diet and health of children to improve fruits/vegetables consumption of children particularly those from poor households, young mothers (15-24), and peripheral regions of Ethiopia. This could be done during ANC follow up visits and during nutrition counseling.
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