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Related Concept Videos

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

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Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
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Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
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Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

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Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
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Esophageal Varices-I: Introduction01:24

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Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
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Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

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Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
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An Immunofluorescent Method for Characterization of Barrett’s Esophagus Cells
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Esophageal Inlet Patch: Association with Barrett's Esophagus.

Rishabh Khatri1,2, Jay Patel3, Jun Song3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Rishabh.Khatri@tuhs.temple.edu.

Digestive Diseases and Sciences
|July 15, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Esophageal inlet patch (IP) and Barrett's esophagus (BE) share similar symptoms and risk factors. Patients with IP or BE show decreased LES pressure and increased acid exposure, warranting careful examination for both conditions.

Keywords:
Barrett’s esophagusEsophageal inlet patchGERDHeterotopic gastric mucosa

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Esophageal Diseases
  • Endoscopy

Background:

  • Esophageal inlet patch (IP) with heterotopic gastric mucosa is an incidental finding during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD).
  • While considered embryologic, IP has been linked to Barrett's esophagus (BE).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the prevalence, symptoms, demographics, and esophageal testing results between patients with IP and BE.
  • To investigate the association between IP and BE.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of EGDs, high-resolution esophageal manometry, and esophageal pH impedance studies from January 2010 to January 2021.
  • Patients were categorized based on the presence or absence of IP and BE.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence: 1.3% for IP, 4.9% for BE. Concomitant findings: 17.1% of IP patients had BE; 4.6% of BE patients had IP.
  • Symptoms: Heartburn and regurgitation were primary symptoms for both IP and BE groups.
  • Esophageal testing: Patients with IP and/or BE exhibited lower LES pressure and higher acid exposure time (AET) compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • IP and BE share similar clinical presentations and risk factors (older age, higher BMI).
  • Both conditions are associated with impaired esophageal function, including reduced LES pressure and increased AET.
  • Endoscopic identification of either IP or BE necessitates a thorough examination for the other condition.