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Related Concept Videos

Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation.
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Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
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Updated: Jul 23, 2025

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Catatonia, Pregnancy, and Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT).

Khushbu Gandhi1, KieuHanh Nguyen1, Maggie Driscoll1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Bethlehem, PA, USA.

Case Reports in Psychiatry
|July 17, 2023
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Summary

Catatonia in pregnant women requires prompt treatment. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) effectively resolved catatonia in a pregnant patient with schizoaffective disorder, with no adverse effects on the fetus.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuropsychiatry
  • Obstetrics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Catatonia is a serious neuropsychiatric syndrome associated with significant medical risks.
  • Standard treatments include benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
  • Pregnancy complicates catatonia management due to risks to mother and fetus.

Observation:

  • A pregnant patient at 20 weeks gestation presented with catatonia and psychosis secondary to schizoaffective disorder.
  • Initial treatment with lorazepam was ineffective, leading to worsening catatonia.
  • Treatment was managed collaboratively with obstetrics.

Findings:

  • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was initiated due to lorazepam's ineffectiveness.
  • Catatonia resolved successfully after 12 ECT treatments.
  • No adverse effects were observed in the fetus throughout the treatment course.

Implications:

  • This case supports the safety and efficacy of ECT for treating catatonia during pregnancy.
  • ECT can be a viable treatment option when pharmacotherapy fails in pregnant patients with catatonia.
  • Further research is warranted to expand the limited literature on managing catatonia in pregnancy.