Controlled Polymerization of Acrylamide via One-Pot and One-Step Aqueous Cu(0)-Mediated Reversible-Deactivation...

Copper-catalyzed controlled polymerization of acrylamide (AM) has always been a challenge, which typically exhibits low monomer conversion and broad molecular weight distribution (MWD) or requires complex/multistep reaction procedures, due to the highly active nature of the AM radical and its side reactions. To overcome the above challenges, herein, we report the successful synthesis of well-defined polyacrylamide (PAM) via a facile one-pot and one-step aqueous Cu(0)-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP). The results of this strategy show that strong deactivation control is the key for the controllability of AM RDRPs, which depends on the equilibria of polymerization and mutual conversion of different copper species. With the fast-propagating monomer AM, extra addition of Cu^II into the reaction system is an effective way to enhance deactivation. Based on this kinetically controlled strategy, well-defined PAMs with narrow molecular weight distributions (MWDs) and varied molecular weights (M_ws) were successfully achieved.