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Landmark Sequence Learning from Real-World Route Navigation and the Impact of Navigation Aid Visualisation Style.

Christopher Hilton1, Armand Kapaj1, Sara I Fabrikant1

  • 1Geographic Information Visualization & Analysis (GIVA), Department of Geography and Digital Society Initiative, University of Zurich, Switzerland.

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Serial position effects in memory, including primacy and recency, are evident in real-world navigation. Navigation aids influence landmark sequence memory, impacting spatial learning.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Spatial Cognition

Background:

  • Serial position effects, characterized by primacy and recency, are fundamental to memory functions across various tasks.
  • Previous research established these effects in virtual navigation, observing sequence memory for landmarks encountered along a route.
  • The ubiquity of serial position effects suggests underlying general memory mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate serial position effects in real-world navigation.
  • To examine the influence of navigation aid visualization styles (realistic vs. abstract) on landmark sequence memory.
  • To determine if established memory effects generalize to uncontrolled, real-world spatial learning.

Main Methods:

  • Participants navigated a real-world city route using a navigation aid with either realistic or abstract landmark visualizations.
  • Analyzed serial position functions (absolute sequence knowledge) and sequence lags (relative sequence knowledge).
  • Compared findings to previous virtual navigation and non-spatial list learning studies.

Main Results:

  • Serial position functions and sequence lags in real-world navigation mirrored those from virtual navigation and list learning.
  • Strong primacy effects were observed in both visualization conditions.
  • Recency effects were present only in the realistic visualization condition.
  • A non-uniform distribution of item-lags peaked at lag +1, with a bias towards positive lags.

Conclusions:

  • Benchmark serial position memory effects are observable in real-world navigation behaviors.
  • General memory mechanisms are involved in spatial learning during navigation.
  • Navigation aids impact landmark sequence knowledge, a component of spatial knowledge, with visualization style playing a role.