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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Colloidal precipitates

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Colloidal Stability Window for Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals: Considerations for Handling, Characterization,

Julia M Antoniw1, Madeleine T Hallman1, Michael V Kiriakou2

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|July 17, 2023
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Commercially produced carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have a defined colloidal stability window, sensitive to pH, ionic strength, and concentration. Ultrasonication can redisperse aggregated CNCs outside this window.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Colloid Chemistry

Background:

  • Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) production is increasing for sustainable materials.
  • Carboxylated CNCs offer an alternative to traditional sulfated CNCs.
  • Understanding CNC colloidal stability is crucial for their application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Define the colloidal stability window for carboxylated CNCs (DextraCel).
  • Compare stability with sulfated CNCs under varying conditions.
  • Provide guidelines for handling CNCs in industrial applications.

Main Methods:

  • Phase diagrams were constructed based on pH, ionic strength, surface charge, counterion, and concentration.
  • The pKa of carboxylated CNCs was determined.
  • Stability was assessed with and without industrially relevant additives.

Main Results:

  • Carboxylated CNCs are stable from pH 3 to 11 (0.5-1.5 wt %) without salt.
  • Stability is highly sensitive to ionic strength, with agglomeration at 5 mM NaCl.
  • Surface charge and counterion significantly influence stability; carboxylated CNCs are more stable in sodium form.

Conclusions:

  • Carboxylated CNCs exhibit a specific colloidal stability window influenced by solution conditions.
  • Dilution or pH adjustment cannot restore stability outside this window; ultrasonication is effective for redispersion.
  • Guidelines for handling carboxylated CNCs are provided to enhance their use in various products.