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Abnormal lipogenesis in thyroid hormone-deficient epidermis.

R M Rosenberg, R R Isseroff, V A Ziboh

    The Journal of Investigative Dermatology
    |March 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Hypothyroidism significantly reduces sterol synthesis in skin cells, leading to scaling ichthyosis. This study reveals altered lipid metabolism as a key factor in this skin condition.

    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology
    • Endocrinology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Hypothyroidism can cause significant skin changes, including scaly ichthyosis, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood.
    • Altered sterol metabolism is implicated in other scaling skin disorders, suggesting a potential link to hypothyroidism-induced ichthyosis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the hypothesis that altered epidermal lipogenesis contributes to scaling in hypothyroidism.
    • To examine the impact of thyroid hormone deficiency on lipid and sterol metabolism in the epidermis.

    Main Methods:

    • Thyroidectomized (TX) rats were used to study lipid synthesis in epidermal cells.
    • The incorporation of radiolabeled acetate ([14C]acetate) into epidermal lipids was measured in TX rats and compared to control groups.

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  • Human keratinocytes were cultured in a thyroid hormone-deficient medium to assess sterol biosynthesis.

    • Main Results:

    • A twofold decrease in the incorporation of [14C]acetate into epidermal lipids was observed in TX rats.
    • Significant reductions were noted in neutral lipids, particularly sterol and sterol-ester fractions, in the epidermis of TX rats.
    • Total cholesterol levels were reduced in the epidermis of TX rats, and similar decreases in sterol biosynthesis were observed in thyroid hormone-deprived human keratinocytes.

    Conclusions:

    • Thyroid hormone deficiency alters lipid metabolism, specifically sterol synthesis, in epidermal keratinocytes.
    • Abnormal sterol biosynthesis in the epidermis may be the cause of ichthyosis associated with hypothyroidism.
    • These findings suggest a novel therapeutic target for hypothyroidism-related skin conditions.