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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Types of Toxins01:36

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Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
Air pollutants, primarily gases, pose significant threats to respiratory health, leading to conditions like hypoxia, lung cancer, and in extreme cases, death.
Environmental pollutants like...
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Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

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When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
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Mutagenicity and Carcinogenicity01:25

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Mutagenicity and carcinogenicity refer to the ability of drugs to cause genetic defects and induce cancer, respectively. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies agents into four groups based on their carcinogenic potential. Group 1 agents are known human carcinogens; group 2A agents are probably carcinogenic to humans; group 3 agents lack data to support their role in carcinogenesis; and group 4 includes agents for which data support that they are not likely to be...
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Effects of Chemicals: Overview01:27

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Drugs, encompassing various chemical compounds from natural sources, lab synthesis, or genetic engineering, elicit different biological responses in living organisms. Some of these responses are desirable or therapeutic, while others are undesirable. The primary goal of administering a drug is to achieve a therapeutic effect, that is, to address a specific disease or health condition. Any concurrent effects outside of this therapeutic outcome are considered undesirable. These undesirable...
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum01:21

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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum or smooth ER is a sub-organelle with specialized functions in animal cells and plant cells. It is often associated with the tubule morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum.
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Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
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Toxicology knowledge graph for structural birth defects.

John Erol Evangelista1, Daniel J B Clarke1, Zhuorui Xie1

  • 1Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.

Communications Medicine
|July 17, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new knowledge graph, ReproTox-KG, identifies potential teratogens by analyzing drug and gene associations with birth defects. This resource aids in predicting risks from preclinical small molecules and understanding molecular mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Informatics
  • Toxicology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Birth defects affect approximately 1 in 33 US births, with many having unknown causes.
  • Potential contributing factors include genetic elements, environmental pollutants, and drug exposure during pregnancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a comprehensive knowledge graph (ReproTox-KG) to characterize associations between small molecules, genes, and birth defects.
  • To identify molecular mechanisms underlying drug-induced birth defects.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed ReproTox-KG by integrating data on drug/birth-defect co-mentions, gene/birth-defect associations, gene expression changes, drug targets, genetic burden scores, and placental crossing.
  • Applied semi-supervised learning (SSL) to score preclinical small molecules for teratogenic potential.

Main Results:

  • Scored over 30,000 preclinical small molecules for placental crossing and birth defect induction potential.
  • Identified over 500 birth-defect/gene/drug cliques to elucidate drug-induced birth defect mechanisms.
  • Launched a web-based interface for ReproTox-KG: https://maayanlab.cloud/reprotox-kg.

Conclusions:

  • ReproTox-KG serves as a valuable resource for understanding birth defect molecular mechanisms.
  • The platform can predict the teratogenic potential of genes and preclinical small molecules.