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Large language models (LLMs) offer exciting potential for healthcare, but their application requires careful consideration. This review explores the capabilities and challenges of LLM chatbots in clinical settings to guide their responsible adoption.

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Area of Science:

  • Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
  • Natural Language Processing
  • Clinical Informatics

Background:

  • Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate capacity for unprompted query response, sparking interest and apprehension regarding their healthcare integration.
  • Generative artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, like ChatGPT, are advanced LLM applications increasingly relevant to medical fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a foundational understanding of LLM development and application in clinical settings.
  • To critically evaluate the strengths, limitations, and potential impact of LLMs on medical practice, education, and research.
  • To serve as a primer for clinicians navigating the evolving landscape of AI in healthcare.

Main Methods:

  • Review of LLM development processes, focusing on generative AI chatbots such as ChatGPT.
  • Analysis of current deployments and applications of LLM chatbots in biomedical contexts.
  • Discussion of the potential benefits and drawbacks of LLM integration into healthcare workflows.

Main Results:

  • LLM applications, including ChatGPT, are being actively explored and deployed across various biomedical domains.
  • Initial results from LLM chatbot deployment in healthcare show promise but are mixed, highlighting the need for further evaluation.
  • LLMs possess the potential to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in clinical, educational, and research activities.

Conclusions:

  • LLM technology presents significant opportunities for advancing medical efficiency and effectiveness.
  • Careful consideration of LLM strengths and limitations is crucial for successful integration into healthcare.
  • Clinicians play a pivotal role in determining the appropriate and beneficial use of LLM technology in patient care and medical practice.