Explaining normative-deliberative gaps is essential to dual-process theorizing
Edward J N Stupple1, Linden J Ball2
1School of Psychology, College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK e.j.n.stupple@derby.ac.uk; https://www.derby.ac.uk/staff/ed-stupple/.
The Behavioral and Brain Sciences
|July 18, 2023
Summary
Challenges in understanding reasoning processes are discussed. Methodological issues in inferring deliberation from responses are highlighted, suggesting a new dual-process model.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Science
- Psychology
- Philosophy of Mind
Background:
- Assumptions of exclusivity in cognitive processes are common.
- Inferring deliberative processes from reasoning responses presents significant challenges.
- Existing models may oversimplify the relationship between normative standards and actual reasoning.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and discuss challenges to assumptions of exclusivity in cognitive processes.
- To highlight methodological and conceptual pitfalls in inferring deliberation from reasoning.
- To propose a framework for understanding normative-deliberative gaps.
Main Methods:
- Conceptual analysis of existing theories on reasoning and deliberation.
- Examination of potential causes for discrepancies between normative standards and reasoning outcomes.
- Review of methodological approaches in cognitive research.
Main Results:
- Significant challenges exist in assuming cognitive exclusivity.
- Methodological and conceptual pitfalls hinder accurate inference of deliberative processes.
- Normative-deliberative gaps arise from various factors including disputed standards, interpretation differences, and cognitive dispositions.
Conclusions:
- A soft normativist approach is recommended for future research.
- Developing the dual-process 2.0 architecture requires addressing these identified challenges.
- A more nuanced understanding of reasoning and deliberation is necessary.
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