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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

502
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

3.6K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
3.6K
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

1.3K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
1.3K
Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism01:19

Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism

1.2K
Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis to enter into the Krebs cycle and eventually lead to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Glucose transport into cells is facilitated by a family of transport proteins called GLUT (Glucose Transporters). GLUT4 is the primary glucose transporter for insulin-stimulated glucose...
1.2K
Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

1.8K
Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
1.8K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

1.0K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
1.0K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
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Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

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Glucose metabolic reprogramming in autoimmune diseases.

Hoim Jeong1, Beomgu Lee1, Seung Jin Han2

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea.

Animal Cells and Systems
|July 19, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Glucose metabolic reprogramming is a key factor in autoimmune diseases. Targeting these metabolic changes offers a promising new therapeutic strategy for conditions like type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis.

Keywords:
Glucose metabolic reprogrammingautoimmune diseasesglucose transporterglycolysismetformin

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A Simple Flow Cytometric Method to Measure Glucose Uptake and Glucose Transporter Expression for Monocyte Subpopulations in Whole Blood
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A Simple Flow Cytometric Method to Measure Glucose Uptake and Glucose Transporter Expression for Monocyte Subpopulations in Whole Blood
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Metabolic pathways
  • Autoimmune disease pathogenesis

Background:

  • Autoimmune diseases involve immune system attacks on healthy tissues, with increasing incidence and disease burden.
  • Current therapies primarily manage inflammation or immunosuppression, not the root causes.
  • Elevated metabolic pathway activity is observed in autoimmune conditions, highlighting metabolic changes as pathogenic drivers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on glucose metabolic reprogramming in autoimmune diseases.
  • To explore the potential of targeting metabolic pathways for drug discovery and development.
  • To cover specific autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic sclerosis.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies on glucose metabolism and autoimmune diseases.
  • Analysis of pathogenic mechanisms linking metabolic reprogramming to disease development.
  • Examination of current and potential therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic pathways.

Main Results:

  • Significant alterations in glucose metabolism are evident across various autoimmune diseases.
  • Metabolic reprogramming plays a crucial role in the immune cell dysfunction characteristic of autoimmunity.
  • Evidence supports the potential of targeting specific metabolic pathways for therapeutic intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Glucose metabolic reprogramming is a fundamental aspect of autoimmune disease pathology.
  • Metabolically targeted therapies represent a novel and promising approach for treating autoimmune diseases.
  • Further research into metabolic pathways can accelerate the development of effective treatments for conditions like type 1 diabetes, MS, lupus, RA, and SSc.