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Pressure Injury Prevalence and Risk Factors: A National Multicenter Analytical Study
Zehra Gocmen Baykara1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16, Ayise Karadag1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16, Hulya Bulut1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16
1Zehra Gocmen Baykara, PhD, Fundamentals of Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
Insights
This study found that 9.5% of patients had pressure injuries (PIs), with higher rates in intensive care units. A significant portion of these hospital-acquired PIs indicate a need for improved prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Nursing Research
- Patient Safety
- Public Health
Background:
- Pressure injuries (PIs) are a significant concern in healthcare settings.
- Understanding the prevalence and risk factors of PIs is crucial for developing effective interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the point prevalence of general pressure injuries (PIs).
- To identify hospital-acquired PIs, associated risk factors, and nursing interventions.
- To assess PI prevalence across various hospital settings in Turkey.
Main Methods:
- A descriptive, multicenter, prospective, and analytical study was conducted.
- Data were collected from 5088 patients across 13 hospitals in Turkey.
- The ASSIST II method, PI Prevalence Study Tool, and Braden Scale were utilized for data collection.
Main Results:
- The point prevalence of general PIs was 9.5%.
- PIs in intensive care units were highly prevalent at 43.2%.
- Medical device-related PIs accounted for 10.7%, with 65.1% acquired post-admission.
Conclusions:
- PI prevalence in Turkey is comparable to global rates, but nosocomial PIs, especially in ICUs, are higher than previously reported.
- There is a clear need for enhanced strategies to reduce the incidence of hospital-acquired PIs.
- Further research and implementation of targeted interventions are recommended to improve patient outcomes.
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to determine the point prevalence (PP) of general pressure injuries (PIs), hospital-acquired PIs, PI-related risk factors, and PI preventive interventions performed by nurses.
Design:
Descriptive, multicenter, prospective, analytical study.
Subjects And Setting:
The sample comprised 5088 patients cared for in 13 hospitals in 12 geographic regions of Turkey. Data were collected between November 5, 2018, and July 17, 2019.
Methods:
The study was carried out in 2 stages. First, nurses who collected data were trained in the diagnosis of PI, risk assessment, staging, and prevalence studies, and informed about the purpose and methods of the study, including data collection. Second, nurses and researchers who had received training related to data collection for this study conducted a PP study for PIs in their inpatient clinics using the ASSIST II method. The PI Prevalence Study Tool and the Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk were also used during data collection.
Results:
The PP of general PIs was 9.5%; the prevalence of PIs with hospitalization in intensive care units was 43.2%; medical device-related pressure injuries prevalence was 10.7%. We found that 65.1% of the PIs were acquired after hospital admission.
Conclusions:
Similarities exist between PI prevalence in Turkey and reported PI prevalence rates worldwide. However, the prevalence of nosocomial PIs related to intensive care units and the prevalence of all nosocomial injuries were higher than rates previously reported. Based on results, there is a need to develop strategies to reduce the prevalence of nosocomial PIs.
