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Updated: Jul 23, 2025

Assessing Corticospinal Excitability During Goal-Directed Reaching Behavior

Assessing Corticospinal Excitability During Goal-Directed Reaching Behavior

Published on: December 2, 2022

Implicit motor adaptation driven by intermittent and invariant errors.

Naoyoshi Matsuda¹, Masaki O Abe²

¹Graduate School of Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.

Experimental Brain Research

|July 19, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

People unintentionally react to brief environmental changes, even when they should ignore them. This implicit motor adaptation is more pronounced in individuals who adapt quickly to gradual environmental shifts.

Keywords:

Error-based learning Implicit learning Motor adaptation Sensory prediction error

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Motor Control
Human Movement

Background:

Environmental changes can disrupt movement accuracy, necessitating sensory feedback for corrections.
Momentary environmental changes pose a challenge, as corrections based on sensory feedback may be counterproductive.
Previous research indicates implicit motor adaptation occurs even when sensory feedback is meant to be ignored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate implicit motor adaptation in response to intermittent visual error clamp feedback.
To determine if people unintentionally react to momentary environmental changes.
To explore the relationship between sensitivity to momentary changes and adaptation to gradual environmental changes.

Main Methods:

A reaching experiment was conducted using intermittent visual error clamp feedback, consistently offset by 16° counterclockwise.
Participants were given intermittent opportunities to ignore the visual feedback.
Movement shifts were analyzed in trials immediately following the presentation of visual error clamp feedback.

Main Results:

Reaching movements shifted in the direction opposite to the visual feedback after its presentation, indicating implicit motor adaptation.
The magnitude of movement shifts correlated significantly with the rate of motor adaptation to gradual environmental changes.
Individuals with faster adaptation to gradual changes exhibited greater sensitivity to momentary environmental disruptions.

Conclusions:

Humans unintentionally adapt their movements to momentary environmental changes that should ideally be ignored.
The ability to adapt to gradual environmental changes is linked to a heightened sensitivity to sudden, disruptive changes.
Understanding implicit motor adaptation is crucial for explaining human responses to dynamic environments.