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Related Concept Videos

Characteristics of Fluids01:20

Characteristics of Fluids

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When a force is applied parallel to the top surface of a solid, it resists the applied force due to the internal frictional forces between the layers of the solid known as shearing resistance. However, when the force is removed, the shearing forces restore the original shape of the solid. Other deformation forces also cause temporary changes in shape if the forces are not beyond a threshold magnitude. Solids tend to retain their shape, making the study of their rest and motion easier. Beyond...
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Capillarity in Fluid01:19

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Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
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Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving01:18

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving

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Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
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Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest01:11

Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest

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In a fluid at rest, the pressure at any point beneath the fluid surface depends solely on the depth, not on the container's shape or size. This principle, known as hydrostatic pressure, arises because, in stationary fluids, there is no acceleration, meaning the forces within the fluid balance out. Only vertical forces, caused by the weight of the fluid above, contribute to pressure changes with depth.
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Viscosity of Fluid01:19

Viscosity of Fluid

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Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
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Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream01:27

Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream

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Consider a control volume, such as a pipe with solid boundaries, through which fluid flows and changes direction due to the impulse exerted by the resulting force from the pipe walls. In steady flow, the mass of fluid entering the control volume at a given time, t, with velocity v1, is equal to the mass leaving after infinitesimal time dt, with velocity v2.
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Phase behaviour of coarse-grained fluids.

V P Sokhan1, M A Seaton1, I T Todorov1

  • 1Scientific Computing Department, Science and Technology Facilities Council, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Keckwick Lane, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK. vlad.sokhan@stfc.ac.uk.

Soft Matter
|July 20, 2023
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This summary is machine-generated.

Coarse-grained models simplify complex soft matter simulations but can alter thermodynamics. This study reveals unique phase behavior in a dissipative particle dynamics model, offering insights into emergent condensed matter properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft condensed matter physics
  • Computational statistical mechanics
  • Mesoscopic modeling

Background:

  • Soft condensed matter systems exhibit complex many-body phenomena.
  • Mesoscopic coarse-grained (CG) models reduce computational complexity by simplifying atomic/molecular interactions.
  • CG models link atomic-level thermodynamics to macroscopic condensed phase properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively study the phase diagram and interfacial properties of an extended dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) model.
  • To investigate the liquid-gas equilibrium and associated thermodynamic anomalies in the DPD model.
  • To understand the relationship between simplified CG potentials and emergent condensed matter behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of a dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) model with finite-range attraction.
  • Calculation of phase diagrams, including binodal and interfacial properties.
  • Analysis of thermodynamic anomalies such as volume changes, density maximum, and negative thermal expansion.

Main Results:

  • The DPD model exhibits a phase envelope markedly different from atomic models.
  • Observed anomalies include a broad liquid range, concavity changes in the liquid coexistence branch, and volume contraction upon fusion.
  • The model displays a temperature of maximum density in the liquid phase and negative thermal expansion in the solid phase.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights significant thermodynamic differences between atomic and CG models, even with similar potential structures.
  • The DPD model's unique phase behavior provides valuable insights into emergent phenomena in soft condensed matter.
  • These findings advance the understanding of how coarse-graining approximations impact the prediction of material properties.