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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Cisplatin-based combination therapy for cancer.

Minerva1, Amrita Bhat1, Sonali Verma1

  • 1ICMR-CAR, School of Biotechnology, SMVDU, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics
|July 20, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) is a key chemotherapy drug that triggers cancer cell death by damaging DNA. Combination therapies are explored to enhance its effectiveness and reduce toxic side effects in cancer treatment.

Keywords:
Cisplatincombination therapymolecular action of cisplatin

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum) is a widely used chemotherapy agent for various solid tumors.
  • Its anticancer activity stems from DNA binding and adduct formation, inducing apoptosis.
  • However, cisplatin use is limited by significant toxicities and acquired drug resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms underlying cisplatin's action.
  • To explore combination drug therapies aimed at overcoming cisplatin resistance.
  • To discuss strategies for mitigating cisplatin's adverse toxicological effects.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cisplatin's molecular mechanisms.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involved in cisplatin-induced apoptosis (e.g., p53, MAPK, Akt).
  • Examination of studies on combination therapies and their impact on efficacy and toxicity.

Main Results:

  • Cisplatin induces apoptosis via DNA damage and activation of stress-response pathways.
  • Drug resistance mechanisms and toxicities (hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity) are significant challenges.
  • Combination therapies show promise in enhancing efficacy and reducing side effects.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding cisplatin's molecular action is crucial for optimizing cancer treatment.
  • Combination strategies are essential for overcoming resistance and managing toxicity.
  • Further research into novel therapeutic combinations can improve patient outcomes in cisplatin-based chemotherapy.