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Emergent coexistence in multispecies microbial communities.

Chang-Yu Chang1,2,3, Djordje Bajić1,2,4, Jean C C Vila1,2

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Microbial coexistence in complex ecosystems is an emergent property. Many species that coexist in multispecies communities fail to coexist in pairwise competition, highlighting community context importance.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Microbiology
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Maintaining microbial biodiversity is crucial in ecology.
  • Previous research on microbial coexistence primarily focused on species pairs.
  • The necessity of pairwise coexistence for multispecies community stability remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether pairwise coexistence is a prerequisite for multispecies community stability.
  • To determine if species that coexist in a stable community can also coexist in isolation.
  • To understand the emergent properties of multispecies microbial coexistence.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted hundreds of in vitro pairwise competition experiments.
  • Utilized members from 12 different stable enrichment communities.
  • Developed an automated image analysis pipeline for quantifying species abundances.

Main Results:

  • Competitive exclusion was the predominant outcome in pairwise experiments.
  • Observed strong hierarchical and transitive competitive interactions.
  • Many coexisting species failed pairwise coexistence under identical conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Multispecies microbial coexistence is an emergent phenomenon, not solely dependent on pairwise interactions.
  • Community context is essential for understanding the origins of microbial coexistence.
  • The study underscores the limitations of pairwise competition models for predicting community stability.