Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 22, 2025

In Vivo Immunogenicity Screening of Tumor-Derived Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry of Splenic T Cells
Published on: September 23, 2021
Role of CD9 Sensing, AI, and Exosomes in Cellular Communication of Cancer
Neda Baghban1,2, Sai Priyanka Kodam1,2, Mujib Ullah1,2
1Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, USA.
Abstract:
Exosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles that are released by various types of cells, including cancer cells, and play a role in intercellular communication. CD9 is a protein that is involved in cell signaling and adhesion. It is found on the surface of various cells, including cancer cells, and has been implicated in the communication between cancer cells and their microenvironment. Exosomes are small membrane-bound vesicles that are released by cells and contain various bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Exosomes have been shown to play a role in intercellular communication, and they have been implicated in the progression of cancer. There is evidence to suggest that CD9 is involved in the packaging and release of exosomes by cancer cells. CD9 has been shown to be important for the formation of tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEMs) on the surface of exosomes. These TEMs are thought to be important for the sorting and packaging of specific molecules into exosomes. In summary, CD9 appears to play an important role in the communication between cancer cells and their microenvironment via exosomes. The precise mechanisms by which CD9 mediates this communication are still being investigated, but the involvement of CD9 in exosome packaging and uptake suggests that it may be a promising target for the development of novel cancer therapies. Furthermore, CD9 has been shown to be involved in the uptake of exosomes by recipient cells. For example, studies have shown that CD9-positive exosomes released by cancer cells can be taken up by other cancer cells, leading to the transfer of oncogenic molecules and the promotion of cancer progression.
Related Concept Videos
Overview of Exosomes
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
The Tumor Microenvironment
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle
Metastasis
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression
The mTOR pathway or the...

