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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
682
Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation01:28

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

328
Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers...
328
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)01:15

Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT)

401
Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer (INEPT) is an advanced Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) technique specifically designed to detect and enhance the signals of low-abundance nuclei, such as carbon-13 and nitrogen-15, in small molecules. The fundamental principle behind INEPT is the transfer of polarization from a more abundant and highly polarizable nucleus, typically hydrogen-1, to the low-abundance nucleus of interest. This process effectively boosts the NMR signal of the...
401
Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)01:07

Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE)

744
Irradiation of a spin-active nucleus causes an increase or decrease in the signal intensity of neighboring nuclei that are not necessarily chemically bonded or involved in J-coupling.  This phenomenon, called the Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE), results from through-space interactions between the nuclear spins. The NOE effect decreases with increasing internuclear distance and is generally not observed beyond 4 angstroms. In NOE, dipole-dipole interactions between neighboring...
744
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

247
Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
247
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

1.0K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
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Measuring the Spin-Lattice Relaxation Magnetic Field Dependence of Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate
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Electron Induced Nanoscale Nuclear Spin Relaxation Probed by Hyperpolarization Injection.

William Beatrez1, Arjun Pillai1, Otto Janes1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|July 21, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers quantified how electronic spins relax nuclear spins in nanoscale environments. This study used hyperpolarization to probe nuclear spins, revealing electron-mediated relaxation effects over several nanometers.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Materials science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Electronic spins can influence nearby nuclear spins.
  • Understanding spin-spin interactions is crucial for quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the role of an electronic spin as a relaxation source for nuclear spins.
  • To investigate electron-mediated relaxation in a nanoscale environment.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized hyperpolarization injection from a central electronic spin.
  • Probed nuclear spins (carbon-13) in the surrounding nanoscale environment.
  • Measured transverse spin relaxation times of nuclear spins.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant variations in nuclear spin relaxation times based on hyperpolarization.
  • Demonstrated electron-mediated relaxation extending over several nanometers.
  • Showcased the ability to spatially discriminate nuclear spins.

Conclusions:

  • Electronic spins act as significant relaxation sources for nuclear spins.
  • Results enable spatial discrimination of nuclear spins in nanoscale systems.
  • Findings are relevant for dynamic nuclear polarization and quantum sensors/memories.