Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 22, 2025
14:58
Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
Published on: October 20, 2017
9.7K
An Update on Embolization for Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations.
Masashi Shimohira1, Tatsuya Kawai1, Kengo Ohta1
1Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan.
Interventional Radiology (Higashimatsuyama-Shi (Japan)
|July 24, 2023
Summary
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are abnormal blood vessel connections. Embolization is a minimally invasive treatment that effectively closes PAVMs, preventing serious complications like stroke.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Interventional Radiology
- Neurology
Background:
- Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are direct connections between pulmonary arteries and veins.
- These shunts can cause paradoxical emboli, leading to ischemic stroke and brain abscess.
- Embolization is the primary, minimally invasive treatment for PAVMs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current indications for PAVM embolization.
- To update techniques used in PAVM embolization procedures.
- To assess the persistence rates of PAVMs after embolization based on recent literature.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review of recent studies on PAVM embolization.
- Analysis of indications, technical aspects, and outcomes of embolization.
- Evaluation of reported persistence or recurrence rates of PAVMs post-embolization.
Main Results:
- Embolization remains the first-line therapy for PAVMs, with high success rates.
- Updated techniques have improved procedural efficacy and safety.
- Persistence of PAVMs after embolization is low, but requires monitoring.
Conclusions:
- Embolization is a safe and effective treatment for pulmonary arteriovenous malformations.
- Current indications and techniques optimize patient outcomes.
- Further research should focus on long-term surveillance and management of residual or recurrent PAVMs.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
10
Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
10
01:27Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management
15
A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
15
01:29Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care
10
Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
10
01:29Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction
8
Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
8
01:22Aneurysm IV: Nursing Management
8
Vigilant monitoring for aneurysm rupture is essential for patients undergoing aortic surgery.Preoperative Nursing ManagementContinuously monitor the patient for manifestations of aneurysm rupture, such as pallor, weakness, tachycardia, hypotension, abdominal, back, groin, or periumbilical pain, changes in consciousness, and a pulsating abdominal mass. Regularly assess the patient's peripheral pulses.Instruct the patient to consume a clear liquid diet the day before surgery and administer...
8
01:18Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists
201
Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme...
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme...
201