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Adding co-solvents to trimethyl phosphate (TMP) electrolytes enhances supercapacitor performance and safety. The TMP-propionitrile blend offers improved ionic conductivity, capacitance, and energy density for advanced energy storage.

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binary solventnonflammable electrolytessafetysupercapacitorstrimethyl phosphate

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Supercapacitors require safe electrolytes for large-scale applications, with nonflammable trimethyl phosphate (TMP) being a key option.
  • TMP electrolytes exhibit low ionic conductivity, limiting power density and overall electrochemical performance.
  • A balance between safety and electrochemical properties is crucial for practical supercapacitor development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the electrochemical properties of nonflammable trimethyl phosphate (TMP) electrolytes for supercapacitors.
  • To investigate the effects of co-solvents on the ionic conductivity, capacitance, and energy density of TMP-based electrolytes.
  • To identify an optimal electrolyte composition that balances safety and performance.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic investigation of TMP-based electrolytes with various co-solvents (propylene carbonate, acetonitrile, propionitrile).
  • Characterization of physical and electrochemical properties, including ionic conductivity, capacitance, energy density, and power density.
  • Performance evaluation of carbon-based supercapacitors using optimized electrolyte formulations.

Main Results:

  • Binary electrolytes containing TMP and co-solvents demonstrated improved ionic conductivity, capacitance, power density, and energy density compared to neat TMP.
  • The TMP-propionitrile (PN) electrolyte at a 70:30 volume ratio exhibited excellent ionic conductivity (13.5 mS cm⁻¹).
  • Supercapacitors utilizing the optimized TMP-PN electrolyte achieved high capacitance (24.0 F g⁻¹), energy density (13.2 Wh kg⁻¹), power density (2.3 kW kg⁻¹), and a working voltage of 3.5 V.

Conclusions:

  • Co-solvent addition effectively overcomes the limitations of low ionic conductivity in TMP electrolytes.
  • The TMP-PN electrolyte offers a promising solution for developing safe and high-performance supercapacitors.
  • This research advances the development of safer energy storage solutions by addressing the safety-performance trade-off.