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A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
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Updated: Jul 22, 2025

Conjunctival Commensal Isolation and Identification in Mice
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Microbial patterns and culture utility in orbital cellulitis.

Yvette Schein1, Lisa Y Lin2, Karen Revere3

  • 1Division of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

Journal of AAPOS : the Official Publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
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Nonoperative cultures are not useful for managing orbital cellulitis in children, as they rarely change treatment or avoid surgery. Streptococcus and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) are the most common pathogens identified.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Orbital cellulitis is a serious infection requiring prompt diagnosis and management.
  • Identifying causative pathogens is crucial for effective treatment, but the utility of nonoperative cultures is debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and types of pathogens in pediatric orbital cellulitis.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of nonoperative cultures in guiding management and avoiding surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of children with imaging-confirmed orbital cellulitis over 8 years.
  • Analysis of pathogen prevalence, including polymicrobial and anaerobic infections.
  • Assessment of culture utility in relation to surgical intervention and treatment changes.

Main Results:

  • Of 220 children, 112 had cultures; 69 underwent surgery.
  • Common pathogens included Streptococcus anginosus group (17%), methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (13%), and Streptococcus pyogenes (11%).
  • Nonoperative cultures were unhelpful in 98% of cases, failing to change management or avoid surgery.

Conclusions:

  • Streptococcus and MSSA are the most common pathogens in pediatric orbital cellulitis.
  • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is uncommon and may not require initial empiric coverage.
  • Nonoperative cultures are not indicated in the initial management of orbital cellulitis as they offer limited clinical utility.