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Cannabis- and Substance-Related Carcinogenesis in Europe: A Lagged Causal Inferential Panel Regression Study
Albert Stuart Reece1,2, Kellie Bennett1,3, Gary Kenneth Hulse1,2
1Division of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
Cannabis use is linked to significantly higher cancer rates, including reproductive and inherited genetic impacts. This study identifies cannabis as a major multigenerational carcinogen, surpassing tobacco and alcohol in impact.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Toxicology
- Genetics
Background:
- Prior research suggested cannabis use may cause reproductive issues and genetic damage.
- Cannabis's role in cancer etiology remains controversial and requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the epidemiological relationship between cannabis use and cancer incidence.
- To assess cannabis's carcinogenic potential compared to tobacco and alcohol.
- To explore potential reproductive and transgenerational genotoxic effects of cannabis.
Main Methods:
- Utilized European cancer incidence data (2000-2020) and drug use data.
- Employed bivariate and inverse-probability-weighted multivariate models.
- Incorporated temporal lagging in panel models for robust analysis.
Main Results:
- Higher cancer rates were observed in high-cannabis-use countries (p < 3.54 × 10⁻¹¹⁵).
- Twenty-five out of forty-one cancers showed significant association with cannabis exposure.
- Cannabis emerged as a stronger correlate of cancer than tobacco or alcohol, with evidence of reproductive and inherited genotoxicity.
Conclusions:
- Cannabis fulfills epidemiological criteria for causality in 25 out of 41 investigated cancers.
- Findings indicate cannabis is a significant multigenerational community carcinogen.
- Reproductive and transgenerational effects are prominent concerns associated with cannabis use.
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