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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pharyngitis01:30

Acute Pharyngitis

876
Introduction
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
876
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

17
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
17
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

20
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
20
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

2.9K
Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
2.9K
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

17
Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
17
Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes01:30

Bacterial Phylum Spirochaetes

43
Spirochetes, unique bacteria in the phylum Spirochaetes, are gram-negative, motile, tightly coiled, slender, and flexible. They inhabit aquatic sediments and animals, with some causing diseases like syphilis. Spirochetes are classified into eight genera based on habitat, pathogenicity, phylogeny, and characteristics.Their distinctive motility arises from endoflagella, located within the cell’s periplasm. These endoflagella anchor at the cell poles and extend along the cell length, encased...
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A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization
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Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcal Pharyngitis: An Updated Review.

Alexander K C Leung1, Joseph M Lam2, Benjamin Barankin3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Current Pediatric Reviews
|July 26, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis is common in children. Early diagnosis and antibiotic treatment are crucial for preventing complications like rheumatic fever and reducing symptom severity.

Keywords:
Centor scoreMcIssac scoreStreptococcus pyogenes.group A ß-hemolytic Streptococcuspharyngitisstrawberry tongue

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Bacteriology
  • Clinical Microbiology

Background:

  • Group A ß-hemolytic Streptococcus (GABHS) is the primary bacterial cause of acute pharyngitis in pediatric populations globally.
  • Clinical presentation alone is often insufficient for definitive diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide clinicians with comprehensive information on the clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies for GABHS pharyngitis.
  • To emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis and timely treatment.

Main Methods:

  • A literature search was performed in December 2022 using "group A β-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis" in PubMed Clinical Queries.
  • The review focused on research published within the last ten years.

Main Results:

  • GABHS pharyngitis symptoms include fever, sore throat, dysphagia, pharyngeal inflammation, tonsillar erythema, uvular edema, and cervical lymphadenopathy.
  • Microbiologic confirmation via throat swab is recommended for suspected cases before antibiotic initiation.
  • Clinical scoring systems (Centor, McIssac) aid in identifying patients needing diagnostic testing, reducing unnecessary antimicrobial use.
  • Penicillin V and amoxicillin are first-line treatments; alternatives include cephalosporins, clindamycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin based on allergy status.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis and antimicrobial therapy are essential to prevent suppurative and non-suppurative complications, including rheumatic fever.
  • Effective treatment reduces symptom severity, illness duration, and disease transmission.