A systematic review of simulation training for lower extremity bypass procedures

Area of Science:

• Surgical Education
• Medical Simulation
• Vascular Surgery Training

Background:

• Surgical simulation is widely adopted for skill enhancement across various specialties.
• Limited exposure to open lower limb bypass procedures for trainees necessitates focused training solutions.
• Variability exists in simulator selection and assessment methods within existing literature.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and assess the utility of simulation training in lower limb bypass surgery.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of different simulation types using Kirkpatrick's model for training assessment.

Main Methods:

• A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement.
• Included studies focused on simulators used in lower limb bypass surgical procedures.
• The primary outcome measured was the effectiveness of simulation using Kirkpatrick's model levels.

Main Results:

• Seven eligible articles were identified from an initial search of 295 studies.
• Simulators utilized included cadavers and synthetic models.
• Five studies indicated simulation as effective for achieving technical competence, all assessed at Kirkpatrick's Level 2.

Conclusions:

• Current research predominantly assesses simulation effectiveness at Kirkpatrick's Level 2 (learning).
• There is a need to advance feedback mechanisms to evaluate simulation's impact on clinical practice and patient outcomes (higher Kirkpatrick levels).
• Enhanced assessment is crucial to bridge the gap between simulation training and real-world surgical performance.