Immunosuppressive Therapy in Solid Organ Transplantation: Primer for Radiologists and Potential Complications

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Pharmacology
• Radiology

Background:

• Immunosuppressive medications have significantly improved long-term graft survival in solid organ transplantation.
• Common immunosuppressants include antibodies, corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, antimetabolites, and mTOR inhibitors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the critical role of radiologists in diagnosing infections and malignancies in solid organ transplant recipients.
• To underscore the unique imaging findings associated with these post-transplant complications.

Main Methods:

• Review of literature on immunosuppressive agents and their impact on transplant outcomes.
• Analysis of characteristic imaging findings for select infections and malignancies in transplant patients.

Main Results:

• Prolonged immunosuppression leads to well-documented, potentially life-threatening complications.
• Transplant recipients face increased risks of infections and malignancies, often with distinct imaging presentations.
• Radiologists are essential for early diagnosis and management.

Conclusions:

• While immunosuppression is vital for graft survival, it necessitates vigilant monitoring for associated risks.
• Radiological expertise is crucial for identifying and managing unique post-transplant infections and cancers.