Interventional Procedures in Pediatric Musculoskeletal Diseases

Interventional radiology (IR) procedures are becoming increasingly relevant in the management of musculoskeletal disorders due to their high precision and low invasiveness. However, specific considerations need to be made when applied to children and adolescents, especially in terms of anesthetic care and radioprotection. The aim of this article is to provide a description of the main IR procedures available for the treatment of benign and malignant bone tumors, septic arthritis, and rheumatic diseases in the pediatric population (including radiofrequency ablation, high-intensity focused ultrasound, intralesional injection of sclerosing agents or steroids, biopsies, and embolization), summarizing available evidence and outlining distinctive aspects.