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Solid-state fermentation in an earthen vessel: Trichoderma viride spore-based biopesticide production using corn

J D Narwade1, A A Odaneth2, S S Lele1

  • 1Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna, 431203, India.

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|July 26, 2023
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Summary

This study developed a Trichoderma viride biopesticide using corn cobs, achieving high spore counts and effective control of Rhizoctonia solani. The biopesticide demonstrated antimicrobial and plant growth-promoting properties with good storage viability.

Keywords:
BiopesticideCorn cobsEarthen vesselTrichoderma viride

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Microbiology
  • Biotechnology
  • Plant Pathology

Background:

  • Plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens like Rhizoctonia solani lead to significant crop losses.
  • Developing sustainable and effective biopesticides is crucial for integrated pest management and reducing reliance on synthetic chemicals.
  • Trichoderma viride is a well-known biocontrol agent with potential for large-scale biopesticide production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple and robust method for producing Trichoderma viride spores using corn cobs as a substrate.
  • To characterize the secondary metabolites of the produced biopesticide and evaluate its antimicrobial and plant growth-promoting activities.
  • To assess the storage viability of the biopesticide for potential farm deployment.

Main Methods:

  • Production of Trichoderma viride spores in an earthen vessel using 4 kg of corn cobs over 21 days.
  • Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the ethyl acetate extract to identify secondary metabolites.
  • Determination of minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) against Rhizoctonia solani.
  • Plate assays and pot experiments on Rhizoctonia solani-infected potato plants.
  • Storage viability assessment at 30 ± 2 °C for 10 months.

Main Results:

  • Maximum spore count achieved was 2.50 × 10^9 spores/g of substrate with a significant moisture reduction.
  • GC-MS analysis identified 20 secondary metabolites, including 13 antimicrobial compounds and one plant growth-promoting compound.
  • The biopesticide exhibited a minimum fungicidal concentration of 5-10 mg/ml against Rhizoctonia solani.
  • Effective antifungal activity and plant growth promotion were observed in plate and pot experiments.
  • The biopesticide maintained 71.28% viability after 10 months of storage.

Conclusions:

  • A simple, cost-effective technology for producing a potent Trichoderma viride biopesticide using corn cobs has been successfully developed.
  • The biopesticide possesses significant antimicrobial properties against Rhizoctonia solani and plant growth-promoting capabilities.
  • The high storage viability indicates strong potential for practical application in agriculture for sustainable disease management.