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Assessment of Total Cardiovascular Risk Using WHO/ISH Risk Prediction Chart Among Adults in Oman: A Nationally
Adhra Al-Mawali1, Ayaman Al-Harrasi, Avinash Daniel Pinto
1Strategic Research Program for Non-Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, Muscat, Oman.
Insights
A significant portion of Oman
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a leading cause of death globally and in Oman.
- Effective primary prevention strategies are crucial for managing CVD burden.
- Risk stratification using tools like the WHO/ISH chart aids resource allocation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the 10-year total CVD risk in the adult Omani population.
- To determine the percentage of individuals requiring pharmacotherapy for CVD prevention.
- To identify demographic factors associated with elevated CVD risk.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the 2017 national STEPS survey in Oman.
- Included 2510 adults aged 40-80 years.
- Assessed 10-year CVD risk using the WHO/ISH risk prediction chart (Eastern Mediterranean Sub-Region B).
Main Results:
- 68.0% had low CVD risk, 19.1% moderate, and 12.9% high risk.
- 30.3% of participants required immediate pharmacotherapy.
- Age, education level, and employment status were significantly linked to higher CVD risk.
Conclusions:
- A considerable proportion of Oman's adult population faces moderate to high CVD risk.
- Pharmacological interventions are necessary for approximately one-fifth of the population, alongside lifestyle modifications.
- This highlights the need for targeted CVD prevention programs in Oman.
Objectives:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major cause of morbidity and mortality globally and in Oman. Stratifying the population under different risk levels based on the total CVD risk approach using the World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) risk prediction chart would be more effective in primary prevention of CVD to prioritize and utilize valuable resources. Hence, this study aimed to assess the total 10-year CVD risk among adults in Oman and to ascertain the proportion of the population in need of pharmacotherapy.
Methods:
We used the data from the 2017 national community-based STEPS survey conducted among men and women in Oman aged 40-80 years. Ten-year total cardiovascular risk was measured using the WHO/ISH risk prediction chart for Eastern Mediterranean Sub-Region B. Independent t-test and Chi-square were used to test significance.
Results:
There were 2510 participants in the study. Their mean age was 51.5±10.1 years and 51.3% were male. The prevalence of low, moderate, and high CVD risk was 68.0%, 19.1%, and 12.9%, respectively, as benchmarked by the WHO/ISH chart. Immediate pharmacotherapy was needed by 30.3% of participants. Factors significantly associated with elevated CVD risk were the participant's age (p < 0.001), education level (p < 0.001), and employment status (p < 0.001).
Conclusions:
A substantial fraction of the population in Oman are at moderate or high CVD risk. Prompt pharmacological interventions are warranted for at least one in every five individuals in conjunction with lifestyle changes.
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