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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 21, 2025

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry

Examination of Thymic Positive and Negative Selection by Flow Cytometry

Published on: October 8, 2012

SURROGATE SELECTION OVERSAMPLES EXPANDED T CELL CLONOTYPES.

Peng Yu¹, Yumin Lian², Cindy L Zuleger^3,4

¹Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|July 28, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Modeling adaptive immune system cell populations can reveal how selection assays enrich disease-relevant clones. This study introduces a new statistical framework to analyze clonal expansion and genomic alterations in immunological data.

Keywords:

Bayes’s rule Yule-Simon law clonal expansion diversity statistic enrichment exchangeable birth-death processes experimental design single cell sequencing size bias somatic mutation

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Last Updated: Jul 21, 2025

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Published on: October 8, 2012

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T and B Cell Receptor Immune Repertoire Analysis using Next-generation Sequencing

T and B Cell Receptor Immune Repertoire Analysis using Next-generation Sequencing

Published on: January 12, 2021

Area of Science:

Immunology
Computational Biology
Statistical Genetics

Background:

Adaptive immune system cell populations exhibit clonal variation.
Understanding clonal sub-population dynamics is crucial for immunological data inference.
Surrogate selection assays may inadvertently enrich for specific cell clones.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a statistical modeling specification for clonal sub-population sizes in adaptive immunity.
To quantify the impact of surrogate selection assays on T-cell clone amplification.
To explore new statistical measures for somatic genomic alterations linked to clonal expansion.

Main Methods:

Coupling within-clonotype birth-death processes with an exchangeable model across clonotypes.
Developing a statistical framework to analyze immune repertoire data.
Examining sampling properties of diversity statistics and somatic genomic alterations.

Main Results:

Confirmed that surrogate selection assays can enrich for amplified, potentially disease-relevant T-cell clones.
The developed framework allows for the study of sampling properties of diversity statistics.
Identified new statistics for measuring the burden of somatic genomic alterations in expanded clones.

Conclusions:

The coupled model specification provides a robust framework for analyzing immunological samples.
Illustrates applications in melanoma surrogate selection and single-cell genomic studies of T cell repertoires.
Enhances understanding of clonal dynamics and selection pressures within the adaptive immune system.