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The 3Rs in Experimental Liver Disease.

Sebastian Martinez-Lopez1,2, Enrique Angel-Gomis1,2, Elisabet Sanchez-Ardid3,4

  • 1Instituto ISABIAL, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, 03010 Alicante, Spain.

Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI
|July 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This review summarizes methods to replace, reduce, and refine animal use in liver disease research. It aids scientists in selecting appropriate experimental liver disease models while considering animal welfare.

Keywords:
diseaseliverreductionrefinementreplacementresearch

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Area of Science:

  • * Hepatology and experimental pathology.
  • * Animal research ethics and alternatives.

Background:

  • * Cirrhosis involves complex physiological and immunological alterations leading to secondary complications.
  • * Animal models are crucial for understanding liver disease pathogenesis and progression.
  • * Ethical concerns and regulations increasingly impact animal research, emphasizing welfare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To provide a comprehensive overview of the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) in experimental liver research.
  • * To evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of current animal models for liver disease.
  • * To guide researchers in planning ethical and effective animal studies.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review of techniques for replacing, reducing, and refining animal use.
  • * Analysis of existing experimental liver disease models.
  • * Assessment of the advantages and limitations of various models.

Main Results:

  • * A summary of widely adopted methods for the 3Rs in liver research is presented.
  • * The review critically examines the utility and drawbacks of different experimental liver models.
  • * Information is provided to help researchers make informed decisions about animal study design.

Conclusions:

  • * The 3Rs framework offers essential guidance for ethical and efficient liver disease research.
  • * Selecting appropriate models is key to advancing understanding of liver pathophysiology.
  • * This review supports researchers in navigating the complexities of animal experimentation in hepatology.