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Updated: Jul 21, 2025
Interventional Diagnostic Procedure: A Practical Guide for the Assessment of Coronary Vascular Function
Published on: March 15, 2022
Coronary Vascular (DYS) Function and Invasive Physiology Assessment: Insights into Bolus and Continuous
Matteo Maurina1,2,3, Alice Benedetti4, Giulio Stefanini1,2
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy.
Abstract:
A considerable number of patients with angina or myocardial ischemia have no significant coronary artery disease on invasive angiography. In recent years, several steps towards a better comprehension of the pathophysiology of these conditions, angina or ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA/INOCA), have been made. Nevertheless, several gaps in knowledge still remain. This review is intended to provide a comprehensive overview of ANOCA and INOCA, with a particular focus on pathophysiology, recent diagnostic innovations, gaps in knowledge and treatment modalities.
