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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
152
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
215
Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management

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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Proton Pump Inhibitors01:13

Acid Suppressive Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Proton Pump Inhibitors

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Peptic ulcers, often induced by H. pylori infections or NSAID usage, arise from disruptions in the delicate balance of gastric acid production. Peptic ulcers stem from heightened gastric acid levels due to H. pylori infections or NSAID use. The protective mucus layer diminishes in the presence of these factors, allowing gastric acid to erode the stomach lining and form ulcers.
Gastric acid, a potent cocktail of hydrogen and chloride ions, is produced in specialized parietal cells within the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 21, 2025

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Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Colitis: From Pathogenesis to Management.

Maria Terrin1,2, Giulia Migliorisi1,2, Arianna Dal Buono1

  • 1IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause colitis, an immune-related adverse event. Prompt recognition and treatment, including biological therapy, are crucial for managing this condition and resuming cancer therapies.

Keywords:
checkpoint inhibitorscolitisdiarrheaenterocolitisimmune-related adverse events

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized solid tumor treatment.
  • Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) affect approximately one-third of patients, with gastrointestinal tract inflammation being common.
  • Checkpoint inhibitors colitis (CIC) presents as diarrhea and may necessitate treatment cessation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the pathogenetic mechanisms of CIC.
  • To discuss evidence-based management options for CIC, including biological therapy.
  • To emphasize the clinical impact and need for prompt CIC recognition and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on CIC pathogenesis and management.
  • Analysis of the role of systemic inflammatory pathways (CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes) in CIC.
  • Evaluation of biological treatments, specifically anti-TNF alpha, for CIC management.

Main Results:

  • CIC pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving anti-tumor effects on colonic tissue and specific inflammatory pathways.
  • Biological treatments, such as anti-TNF alpha, can facilitate the resumption of oncological therapies.
  • CIC shares similarities with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and ICI use in IBD patients is under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding CIC pathogenesis is key to effective management.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment, potentially involving biological therapies, are essential for improving patient outcomes.
  • Further research is needed on ICI use in IBD patients and optimal CIC treatment strategies.