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Processes for the 3D Printing of Hydrodynamic Flow-Focusing Devices.

Diwakar M Awate1, Seth Holton1, Katherine Meyer1

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.

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|July 29, 2023
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Summary

3D printing offers a low-cost method for creating millifluidic flow-focusing devices for rapid cytometric analysis. This technique enables efficient cellular sample study without complex fabrication processes.

Keywords:
3D printingflow focusingmillifluidics

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Area of Science:

  • Hydrodynamics
  • Biotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Flow focusing is crucial for hydrodynamic techniques in cytometric analysis.
  • Conventional fabrication methods for flow-focusing devices are costly and complex.
  • There is a need for accessible and cost-effective fabrication methods for millifluidic devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present novel, low-cost millifluidic flow-focusing devices fabricated using stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing.
  • To explore two distinct SLA-based fabrication strategies: monolithic printing and hybrid molding.
  • To demonstrate the functionality and versatility of the 3D-printed devices for flow focusing applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of millifluidic channels using a desktop SLA 3D printer.
  • Development of a monolithic SLA printing approach for single-piece devices.
  • Implementation of a hybrid molding process involving SLA-printed molds and PDMS casting.
  • Experimental validation of flow focusing capabilities using varying flow-rate ratios.
  • Numerical modeling and simulation using ANSYS for validation.

Main Results:

  • Successful fabrication of monolithic and hybrid millifluidic flow-focusing devices.
  • Demonstration of tunable focusing widths through controlled flow-rate ratios.
  • Monolithic devices require no post-processing for optical access.
  • Hybrid approach provides an alternative for channel fabrication using PDMS.
  • Experimental results were consistent with numerical model predictions.

Conclusions:

  • SLA 3D printing provides a viable, low-cost alternative for fabricating millifluidic flow-focusing devices.
  • The developed fabrication strategies offer flexibility and accessibility for researchers.
  • These 3D-printed devices are suitable for rapid cytometric analysis and studying biological processes.