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Related Concept Videos

Clipper Circuit01:18

Clipper Circuit

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A clipper circuit is a fundamental wave-shaping device that harnesses the unique properties of diodes to alter and control waveform characteristics. This technology is widely used in electronic devices, especially in television and radar communication systems, where it enhances waveform modulation in both transmitters and receivers.
The operation of a clipper circuit can be exemplified by analyzing a dual-clipper configuration setup that integrates two ideal diodes, each paired with a biasing...
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Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit01:20

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

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In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.
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Design Example: Vintage Mixing Console01:17

Design Example: Vintage Mixing Console

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A sound engineer at a music company recently encountered a problem. The output from their newly acquired studio's vintage mixing console was too low for the requirements of modern recording equipment. To rectify this situation, the engineer decided to design an audio pre-amplifier using an operational amplifier (op-amp) to boost the signal level.
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Linear Approximation in Time Domain01:21

Linear Approximation in Time Domain

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Nonlinear systems often require sophisticated approaches for accurate modeling and analysis, with state-space representation being particularly effective. This method is especially useful for systems where variables and parameters vary with time or operating conditions, such as in a simple pendulum or a translational mechanical system with nonlinear springs.
For a simple pendulum with a mass evenly distributed along its length and the center of mass located at half the pendulum's length,...
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Sampling Continuous Time Signal01:11

Sampling Continuous Time Signal

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In signal processing, a continuous-time signal can be sampled using an impulse-train sampling technique, followed by the zero-order hold method. Impulse-train sampling involves the use of a periodic impulse train, which consists of a series of delta functions spaced at regular intervals determined by the sampling period. When a continuous-time signal is multiplied by this impulse train, it generates impulses with amplitudes corresponding to the signal's values at the sampling points.
In the...
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Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

103
Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
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A Size, Weight, Power, and Cost-Efficient 32-Channel Time to Digital Converter Using a Novel Wave Union Method.

Saleh M Alshahry1, Awwad H Alshehry1, Abdullah K Alhazmi1

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA.

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This study introduces a low-cost, high-precision Time to Digital Converter (TDC) using a novel Wave Union type A (WU-A) architecture on an FPGA. It achieves superior performance with minimal size, weight, power, and cost (SWaP-C).

Keywords:
field programmable gate array (FPGA)tapped delay line (TDL)time to digital converter (TDC)wave union

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Area of Science:

  • Electronics and Electrical Engineering
  • Digital Signal Processing
  • Instrumentation and Measurement

Background:

  • High-precision time interval measurements are crucial for various applications.
  • Existing Time to Digital Converters (TDCs) often face challenges with size, weight, power, and cost (SWaP-C).
  • Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) offer a flexible platform for implementing complex digital systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-precision, multi-channel Time to Digital Converter (TDC) with low SWaP-C requirements.
  • To introduce a novel Wave Union type A (WU-A) architecture for efficient TDC implementation.
  • To propose an auto-calibration algorithm for enhancing TDC performance.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a Tapped Delay Line (TDL)-based TDC on a low-cost Xilinx Artix-7 FPGA.
  • Development of a novel WU-A architecture utilizing a single multiplexer for pulse train generation.
  • Integration of an auto-calibration algorithm to mitigate Differential Non-Linearity (DNL) and Integral Non-Linearity (INL).

Main Results:

  • Achieved an average time precision of less than 3 picoseconds (ps).
  • Demonstrated a Root Mean Square (RMS) resolution of approximately 1.81 ps.
  • The proposed multi-channel TDC exhibits the lowest SWaP-C requirements compared to prior works.

Conclusions:

  • The novel WU-A TDC architecture on FPGA offers a highly efficient solution for high-precision time interval measurements.
  • The developed TDC meets stringent low SWaP-C requirements, making it suitable for various applications.
  • The auto-calibration algorithm effectively improves TDC linearity and overall performance.