Modulation of immunity by tryptophan microbial metabolites
1College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, China.
Frontiers in Nutrition
|July 31, 2023
Summary
Gut microbes metabolize tryptophan (Trp) through various pathways, producing molecules that impact host immunity and disease. This review explores microbial Trp metabolism and its role in health and disease.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Metabolic pathways
- Immunology
Background:
- Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid metabolized through endogenous and exogenous routes.
- Microbial metabolism of Trp in the gut generates bioactive molecules influencing host health.
- Gut microbiota's role in host metabolism and immunity is increasingly recognized.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the crosstalk between gut microorganisms and tryptophan metabolism.
- To summarize mechanisms of microbial Trp metabolites on host immunity.
- To highlight implications for disease prevention and treatment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of microbial tryptophan metabolism pathways.
- Analysis of the impact of microbial Trp metabolites on host immunity.
- Synthesis of current understanding of Trp metabolism and disease.
Main Results:
- Identified three main Trp metabolic pathways: Kynurenine, 5-Hydroxyindole (Serotonin), and Microbial.
- Detailed the significant role of gut microbial Trp metabolites in modulating host immunity.
- Linked microbial Trp metabolism to various diseases including inflammatory, cardiovascular, neurological, metabolic diseases, and cancer.
Conclusions:
- Microbial tryptophan metabolism is a critical factor in host immunity.
- Understanding these pathways offers potential for novel therapeutic strategies.
- Targeting gut microbial Trp metabolism may aid in preventing and treating diverse diseases.
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