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Determinants for Anemic Retinopathy.

Ramesh Venkatesh1, Nikitha Gurram Reddy1, Chaitra Jayadev1

  • 1Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, India.

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|July 31, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anemia can cause retinopathy, a condition affecting vision. Low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels are key indicators of this risk, suggesting regular eye exams for anemic patients.

Keywords:
Anemiaanemic retinopathyhemoglobinpacked cell volumerisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Hematology
  • Retinal Diseases

Background:

  • Anemia, a condition characterized by low red blood cell count, can lead to various complications.
  • Retinopathy, damage to the blood vessels in the retina, is a potential complication of systemic diseases.
  • The relationship between anemia and retinopathy requires further investigation to identify risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of fundus lesions in patients with anemia.
  • To identify hematological risk factors associated with anemic retinopathy (AR).
  • To analyze the predictive value of hemoglobin and hematocrit levels for AR using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study included adult patients diagnosed with anemia and undergoing dilated fundus examination.
  • Anemic retinopathy was diagnosed based on specific funduscopic findings like hemorrhages, Roth's spots, and exudates.
  • Patients with secondary anemia were excluded, and hematological parameters were correlated with the presence or absence of AR.

Main Results:

  • Anemic retinopathy was observed in 30% of the eyes studied.
  • Patients with AR exhibited significantly lower mean hemoglobin (7.82±1.64 gm/dl) and hematocrit (26.93±5.22 %) levels compared to those without AR.
  • Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that hemoglobin < 8.95 g/dl and hematocrit < 30.5% were significant predictors of AR.

Conclusions:

  • Retinopathy is a common finding in patients with severe anemia.
  • Low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels are significant risk factors for developing anemic retinopathy.
  • Regular retinal examinations are recommended for patients diagnosed with anemia, particularly those with low hematological parameters.