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Area of Science:

  • Mental Health
  • Substance Use Disorders
  • Complementary Therapies

Background:

  • Veterans exhibit high rates of substance use disorders and mental health conditions, including PTSD.
  • Existing treatments often face high attrition and residual symptoms.
  • Complementary approaches may improve engagement and outcomes for this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To replicate a previous study on the safety, feasibility, and preliminary outcomes of an equine-assisted intervention for veterans.
  • To examine the impact of multiple intervention sessions on treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • 94 veterans participated in 1-6 sessions of equine-assisted learning and psychotherapy.
  • Pre- and post-session measures included affect, anxiety, and craving scales.
  • Statistical analyses included Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, paired t-tests, and generalized linear mixed-effects models to assess dosage effects.

Main Results:

  • The intervention was confirmed as safe and feasible for veterans.
  • Significant pre- to post-session improvements were observed in negative affect (sessions 1-3), positive affect, anxiety, and craving (sessions 1-2).
  • Generalized linear mixed-effects models did not reveal statistically significant predictors for dosage effects.

Conclusions:

  • Equine-assisted services are safe, feasible, and demonstrate short-term benefits for veterans in residential substance abuse treatment.
  • A randomized controlled trial is warranted to establish causality and evaluate long-term benefits.
  • Further dose-response studies are needed, as benefits did not increase beyond two sessions.