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Hospitalizations and Clinical Severity of COVID-19 Among Infants Under 1-Year-old

Roy Alshech1,2, Hanna Shoob2, Chen Stein-Zamir1,2

  • 1From the Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|July 31, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Younger infants, especially those under one month, faced higher COVID-19 hospitalization risks. Older infants (over three months) were more prone to severe disease, alongside ethnicity and existing health conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic impacted all age groups, including infants.
  • Understanding hospitalization and severity risk factors in infants is crucial for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate COVID-19 hospitalizations and clinical severity in infants under one year old.
  • To identify demographic and clinical factors associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 2,667 infants hospitalized with COVID-19 between March 2020 and March 2021.
  • Statistical analysis using odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to assess risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Infants under one month had a significantly higher risk of hospitalization (OR: 26.3) compared to 3-11 month olds.
  • Symptomatic disease, particularly fever, was linked to hospitalization.
  • Infants older than three months had an increased risk of moderate-severe COVID-19 (OR: 4.0), along with ethnicity and underlying conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Age is a critical factor in COVID-19 outcomes for infants, with the youngest being most vulnerable to hospitalization.
  • Clinical presentation (fever) and pre-existing conditions influence disease severity in infants.
  • These findings underscore the need for targeted preventive measures for infants during respiratory virus seasons.

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