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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

1.0K
NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of...
1.0K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

2.0K
All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not...
2.0K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

677
In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
677
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

1.5K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
1.5K
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

1.0K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
1.0K
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance01:05

Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance

685
The number of nuclear spins aligned in the lower energy state is slightly greater than those in the higher energy state. In the presence of an external magnetic field, as the spins precess at the Larmor frequency, the excess population results in a net magnetization oriented along the z axis. When a pulse or a short burst of radio waves at the Larmor frequency is applied along the x axis, the coupling of frequencies causes resonance and flips the nuclear spins of the excess population from the...
685

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Updated: Jul 20, 2025

Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy
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Nuclear spin effects in biological processes.

Ofek Vardi1, Naama Maroudas-Sklare1,2, Yuval Kolodny1

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|July 31, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nuclear spin influences biological processes, affecting oxygen dynamics and transport in chiral environments. This discovery opens avenues for isotope separation and understanding quantum effects in life sciences.

Keywords:
aquaporinelectrolysisisotopenuclear spinspin–statistics

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Isotope Chemistry

Background:

  • Traditionally, nuclear spin's role in biological processes was overlooked.
  • Recent findings indicate isotopic fractionation correlating with nuclear magnetic spin.
  • This suggests a non-classical influence of nuclear properties on chemical and biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of nuclear spin on oxygen dynamics using stable oxygen isotopes (16O, 17O, 18O).
  • To explore nuclear spin effects in both artificial dioxygen production and biological systems (aquaporin channels).
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanism involving nuclear-spin-enhanced electronic spin state switching.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized stable oxygen isotopes (16O, 17O, 18O) in experiments.
  • Employed an artificial dioxygen production system.
  • Investigated oxygen transport through biological aquaporin channels in cells.
  • Developed theoretical models based on electronic spin state switching.

Main Results:

  • Observed that oxygen dynamics, particularly transport in chiral environments, are dependent on nuclear spin.
  • Demonstrated nuclear spin effects in both artificial and biological systems.
  • Provided a theoretical framework linking nuclear spin to electronic spin state transitions.

Conclusions:

  • Nuclear spin plays a significant role in oxygen dynamics and transport within chiral environments.
  • Findings suggest potential applications in controlled isotope separation for technologies like Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR).
  • Integrating nuclear spin effects into biological understanding can illuminate quantum phenomena in living systems and drive biotechnological innovation.